In this lecture, co-organised by the Centre of Governance and Human Rights and CRASSH, Francois Burgat, director of research at the CNRS (National Centre for Scientific Research) will give a talk titled When Authoritarianism fails in the Arab World: understanding the recourse to the Muslim lexicon. For the first time in decades, ‘Arab revolutions’, ushered in by the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian uprisings, make it possible to seriously envision a phasing out of the autocratic machinery in the Middle East and North Africa.Whatever the end results of this awakening, the glimpse at a post-authoritarian era has already affected domestic and international political dynamics, if only by anticipation. In the parliamentary arenas, even if it is clear that its roots are to be found deep in the fourteen centuries of Muslim history and the realities or the myths of a long interaction with the West, the explanation of the rise of contemporary Islamism can be circumscribed within a timeline of the last hundred years or so.