Pamela Aall is a senior advisor for conflict prevention and management at the U.S. Institute of Peace (USIP) and senior fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI). She was founding Provost of USIP ’s Academy for International Conflict Management and Peacebuilding and headed the Institute’s education and training programs for a number of years. She is currently directing a project for CIGI on Africa’s regional conflict management capacity. Her research interests include mediation and negotiation, non-governmental organizations, civil–military relations, education and training and the role of education in exacerbating conflict or promoting reconciliation.